Recycling txheej xwm ntawm polyurethane cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Suav teb
1, polyurethane ntau lawm cog yuav tsim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm scraps txhua txhua xyoo, vim yog cov concentrated, yooj yim rau recycle.Cov nroj tsuag feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem siv lub cev thiab tshuaj rov ua dua tshiab kom rov zoo thiab rov siv cov khoom seem.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg polyurethane siv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsis tau siv dua tshiab.Muaj qee lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho cov khib nyiab polyurethane hauv Suav teb, tab sis lawv feem ntau yog incinerated thiab rov ua dua lub cev.
3, muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab cov tsev kawm tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, tau cog lus los nrhiav polyurethane chemical thiab biological recycling thev naus laus zis, luam tawm qee yam kev kawm.Tab sis tiag tiag muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv thov loj ntawm tsawg heev, Lub teb chaws Yelemees H&S yog ib qho ntawm lawv.
4, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev faib cov khib nyiab hauv tsev nyuam qhuav pib, thiab qhov kawg kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane yog qhov tsawg, thiab nws nyuaj rau cov lag luam mus txuas ntxiv kom tau cov khoom pov tseg polyurethane rau kev rov ua dua thiab siv tom qab.Cov khoom tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov lag luam ua haujlwm.
5. Tsis muaj tus qauv them nqi meej rau kev rov ua dua thiab kho cov khib nyiab loj.Piv txwv li, lub txaj ua los ntawm polyurethane, rwb thaiv tsev tub yees, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov kev cai thiab kev lag luam chains, cov lag luam rov ua dua tuaj yeem tau txais nyiaj ntau heev.
6, Huntsman tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los rov ua dua PET lub raj mis yas, tom qab ntau cov txheej txheem nruj, hauv chav tshuaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv los tsim cov khoom siv polyester polyol, cov khoom xyaw txog li 60% los ntawm cov khoom siv PET yas fwj, thiab polyester polyol yog siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.Tam sim no, Huntsman tuaj yeem rov ua dua 1 billion 500ml PET yas fwj hauv ib xyoos, thiab hauv tsib xyoos dhau los, 5 billion recycled PET yas fwj tau hloov mus rau 130,000 tons ntawm polyol cov khoom rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob polyurethane.
Lub cev rov ua dua tshiab
Txoj kev no yog kev siv tshuab siv dua tshiab tshaj plaws.Cov mos mos polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog pulverized rau hauv ob peb centimeters ntawm cov khoom tawg los ntawm lub crusher, thiab ib tug reactive polyurethane nplaum yog sprayed nyob rau hauv lub tov khoom.Cov nplaum siv feem ntau yog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ua ke los yog terminal NCO-based prepolymers raws li polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI).Thaum PAPI-raws li adhesives yog siv rau kev sib txuas thiab kev tsim, chav sib tov kuj tuaj yeem nqa mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov khib nyiab polyurethane, ntxiv 90% pov tseg polyurethane, 10% nplaum, sib tov sib xyaw, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib feem ntawm cov xim, thiab ces pressurize qhov sib tov.
Thermosetting polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj thiab RIM polyurethane khoom muaj ib tug tej yam degree ntawm thermal softening plasticity nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm 100-200 ℃.Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias siab, pov tseg polyurethane tuaj yeem ua ke ua ke yam tsis muaj nplaum.Txhawm rau ua kom cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov khib nyiab feem ntau crushed thiab ces rhuab thiab pressurized.
Polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom zoo los ntawm kev sib tsoo kub lossis kev sib tsoo, thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm cov khoom no tau ntxiv rau polyol, uas yog siv los tsim polyurethane ua npuas ncauj lossis lwm yam khoom, tsis tsuas yog rov qab cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg polyurethane, tab sis kuj kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom zoo.Pulverized hmoov cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv MDI raws li txias curing mos polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog txwv rau 15%, thiab siab tshaj plaws ntawm 25% pulverized hmoov yuav muab ntxiv rau TDI raws li kub curing ua npuas ncauj.
Tshuaj Recycling
Diol hydrolysis yog ib txoj hauv kev siv tshuaj rov qab siv ntau tshaj plaws.Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm me me molecular diols (xws li ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol) thiab catalysts (tertiary amines, alcoholamine los yog organometallic tebchaw), polyurethanes (ua npuas ncauj, elastomers, RIM khoom, thiab lwm yam) yog alcoholized ntawm ib tug kub ntawm txog. 200 ° C rau ob peb teev kom tau txais cov polyols rov tsim dua.Recycled polyols tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog cov polyols tshiab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv polyurethane.
Polyurethane foams tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov pib mos polyols thiab tawv polyols los ntawm amination.Amolysis yog txheej txheem uas polyurethane ua npuas ncauj reacts nrog amines thaum lub sij hawm pressurization thiab cua sov.Cov amines siv muaj xws li dibutylamine, ethanolamine, lactam los yog lactam admixture, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 150 ° C. Cov khoom kawg tsis tas yuav ua kom huv si ntawm cov khoom siv ncaj qha polyurethane ua npuas ncauj thiab tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov polyurethane los ntawm cov khoom qub. polyol.
Dow Chemical tau qhia txog cov txheej txheem amine hydrolysis chemical rov qab.Cov txheej txheem muaj ob kauj ruam: cov khib nyiab polyurethane decomposed rau hauv siab concentration dispersed aminoester, urea, amine thiab polyol los ntawm alkylolamine thiab catalyst;Tom qab ntawd cov tshuaj tiv thaiv alkylation yog nqa tawm kom tshem tawm cov ntxhiab amines hauv cov khoom siv rov qab, thiab cov polyols nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab lub teeb xim tau txais.Txoj kev tuaj yeem rov qab tau ntau yam ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, thiab cov khoom siv rov qab tuaj yeem siv tau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane.Lub tuam txhab kuj tseem siv cov txheej txheem chemical recycling kom tau txais cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab los ntawm RRIM qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau los txhim kho RIM qhov chaw txog li 30%.
Txoj kev Hydrolysis - Sodium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los ua hydrolysis catalyst kom decompose polyurethane mos npuas thiab tawv npuas los tsim polyols thiab amine intermediates, uas yog siv los ua raw khoom.
Alkalolysis: polyether thiab alkali hlau hydroxide yog siv los ua decomposition agents, thiab carbonates raug tshem tawm tom qab ua npuas ncauj decomposition kom rov qab polyols thiab aromatic diamines.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm alcoholysis thiab amolysis - polyether polyol, poov tshuaj hydroxide thiab diamine yog siv los ua decomposition agents, thiab carbonate solids raug tshem tawm kom tau polyether polyol thiab diamine.Lub decomposition ntawm nyuaj npuas tsis tuaj yeem sib cais, tab sis cov polyether tau los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm propylene oxide tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha los ua npuas tawv.Qhov zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov kub tsis txias (60 ~ 160 ℃), lub sij hawm luv luv thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm decomposition ua npuas ncauj.
Cov txheej txheem dej cawv phosphorus - polyether polyols thiab halogenated phosphate ester ua cov tshuaj decomposition, decomposition khoom yog polyether polyols thiab ammonium phosphate khoom, yooj yim sib cais.
Reqra, lub tuam txhab German rov ua dua tshiab, txhawb nqa cov nqi qis polyurethane pov tseg siv tshuab rau kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khau khib nyiab polyurethane.Hauv qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no, cov khoom pov tseg yog thawj zaug crushed rau hauv 10mm hais, rhuab hauv reactor nrog cov dispersant kom liquify, thiab thaum kawg rov qab tau cov kua polyols.
Phenol decomposition txoj kev - Nyiv yuav pov tseg polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj crushed thiab tov nrog phenol, rhuab nyob rau hauv acidic tej yam kev mob, carbamate daim ntawv cog lus tawg, ua ke nrog phenol hydroxyl pawg, thiab ces react nrog formaldehyde los tsim phenolic resin, ntxiv hexamethylenetetramine rau solidify nws, yuav ua tau. npaj nrog zoo zog thiab toughness, zoo heev tshav kub kuj phenolic resin khoom.
Pyrolysis - polyurethane npuas npuas tuaj yeem decomposed ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv aerobic los yog anaerobic tej yam kev mob kom tau oily tshuaj, thiab polyols tau los ntawm kev sib cais.
Thaum tshav kub kub rov qab thiab kho qhov chaw pov tseg
Rov qab lub zog los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg polyurethane yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev lag luam.American Polyurethane Recycling Board tab tom ua ib qho kev sim uas 20% ntawm cov khib nyiab polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj ntxiv rau cov khib nyiab khib nyiab.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov hmoov tshauv seem thiab emissions tseem nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ib puag ncig, thiab cov cua sov tso tawm tom qab cov khib nyiab tau ntxiv tau zoo heev rau kev noj cov fossil fuels.Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov tebchaws xws li Sweden, Switzerland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Denmark tseem tab tom sim nrog cov thev naus laus zis uas siv lub zog rov qab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob polyurethane-hom pov tseg los muab hluav taws xob thiab cua sov cua sov.
Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov hmoov, ib leeg lossis nrog lwm cov khoom pov tseg, los hloov cov hmoov txhuam zoo thiab hlawv rau hauv qhov cub kom rov qab muaj zog cua sov.Lub combustion efficiency ntawm polyurethane fertilizer tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm micropowder.
Thaum tsis muaj oxygen, qhov kub thiab txias, kub siab thiab catalyst, mos polyurethane foams thiab elastomers tuaj yeem thermally decomposed kom tau cov khoom siv roj thiab roj.Cov txiaj ntsig thermal decomposition roj muaj qee cov polyols, uas yog purified thiab siv tau raws li cov khoom noj, tab sis feem ntau yog siv los ua roj.Txoj kev no tsim nyog rau kev rov ua dua cov khib nyiab sib xyaw nrog lwm cov yas.Txawm li cas los xij, decomposition ntawm nitrogenous polymer xws li polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yuav degrade lub catalyst.Txog tam sim no txoj hauv kev no tsis tau siv dav dav.
Txij li thaum polyurethane yog ib tug muaj nitrogen-muaj polymer, tsis hais seb yuav siv cov combustion rov qab txoj kev, qhov zoo combustion tej yam kev mob yuav tsum tau siv los txo cov tiam ntawm nitrogen oxides thiab amines.Cov combustion furnaces yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog.
Tam sim no muaj ntau npaum li cas ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj pov tseg nyob rau hauv landfills.Qee cov foams tsis tuaj yeem siv dua, xws li polyurethane foams siv los ua seedbeds.Zoo li lwm yam plastics, yog tias cov khoom ib txwm nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntuj, nws yuav sib sau ua ke nyob rau lub sijhawm, thiab muaj kev ntxhov siab rau ib puag ncig.Yuav kom decompose cov khib nyiab polyurethane pov tseg nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, tib neeg tau pib tsim biodegradable polyurethane resin.Piv txwv li, polyurethane molecules muaj carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin los yog polycaprolactone thiab lwm yam biodegradable compounds.
Recycling Breakthrough
Xyoo 2011, Yale University cov tub ntxhais kawm tau tshaj tawm xov xwm thaum lawv pom cov kab mob hu ua Pestalotiopsis microspora hauv Ecuador.Cov fungus muaj peev xwm zom thiab zom cov yas polyurethane, txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj cua (anaerobic), uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws ua haujlwm hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.
Thaum tus kws tshaj lij uas tau coj txoj kev tshawb fawb ncig xyuas tau ceeb toom tawm tsam kev cia siab ntau dhau los ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, tsis muaj qhov tsis lees paub qhov kev thov ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev nrawm dua, huv dua, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ntau txoj hauv kev los pov tseg cov yas pov tseg. .
Ob peb xyoos tom qab, tus tsim qauv Katharina Unger ntawm LIVIN Studio tau koom tes nrog microbiology department ntawm Utrecht University los tsim ib qhov project hu ua Fungi Mutarium.
Lawv siv cov mycelium (cov kab, cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nceb) ntawm ob hom nceb noj tau zoo, suav nrog cov nceb oyster thiab schizophylla.Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm ob peb lub hlis, cov fungus kiag li degraded cov yas khib nyiab thaum loj hlob ib txwm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pod ntawm AGAR edible.Thaj, yas ua khoom noj txom ncauj rau mycelium.
Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua haujlwm ntxiv rau qhov teeb meem.Hauv xyoo 2017, Sehroon Khan, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm World Agroforestry Center, thiab nws pab pawg tau tshawb pom lwm cov kab yas degrading, Aspergillus tubingensis, hauv qhov chaw pov tseg hauv Islamabad, Pakistan.
Cov fungus tuaj yeem loj hlob ntau hauv polyester polyurethane tsis pub dhau ob lub hlis thiab tawg mus rau hauv me me.
Ib pab neeg ntawm University of Illinois, coj los ntawm xibfwb Steven Zimmerman, tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev los rhuav tshem cov khib nyiab polyurethane thiab tig mus rau lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav Ephraim Morado cia siab tias yuav daws tau cov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom pov tseg polyurethane los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob polymers.Txawm li cas los xij, polyurethanes yog qhov ruaj khov heev thiab yog tsim los ntawm ob yam uas nyuaj rau kev tawg: isocyanates thiab polyols.
Polyols yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tau muab los ntawm cov roj av thiab tsis yooj yim degrade.Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, pab pawg tau txais cov tshuaj acetal uas yooj yim dua degraded thiab dej-soluble.Cov khoom degradation ntawm yaj polymers nrog trichloroacetic acid thiab dichloromethane ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub tswv yim, Morado muaj peev xwm hloov elastomers, uas tau siv dav hauv kev ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tsheb, rau hauv cov nplaum.
Tab sis qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev rov qab los tshiab no yog tus nqi thiab toxicity ntawm cov khoom siv raw siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tam sim no tab tom sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua kom ua tiav tib txoj kev siv cov kuab tshuaj me me (xws li vinegar) rau degradation.
Qee qhov kev sim ua haujlwm
1. PureSmart txoj kev npaj tshawb fawb
2. FOAM2FOAM qhov project
3. Tenglong Brilliant: Recycling polyurethane rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev
4. Adidas: Ib nkawm khau uas siv tau tag nrho
5. Salomon: Recycling tag nrho TPU khau ntaub los ua khau boots
6. Cosi: Chuang koom tes nrog Pawg Txwj Laug Txiaj Ntsig los txhawb kev lag luam ncig
7. Lub tuam txhab German H&S: Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj alcoholysis tshuab rau kev tsim daim txhuam cev txaj
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-30-2023